Medical information

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This systematic review and meta-analysis included five studies to determine the overall prevalence of orofacial trauma in wheeled, non-motor sports (cycling, skateboarding, and inline skating). The cumulative prevalence of orofacial injuries in athletes participating in these sports was 21.7%, and the prevalence of dental injuries in these sports was 7.5%, meaning that approximately 1 out of 5 cyclists/skateboarders/inline skaters have sustained a facial injury. The prevalence of facial injury is high in non-motorized, wheeled sports. Dentists should inquire about their patients' sporting activities and recommend protective equipment and mouthguard use. –   James Boynton, DDS, MS BACKGROUND/AIMS As the popularity of sports activities grows, so do the number of sport-related injuries. Furthermore, sports that use equipment or vehicles that modify the speed of the player can present more serious injuries. The aim of this systematic re...

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This cross-sectional study examined the oral health–related quality of life after 10 years of implant restorations in 95 patients. Most patients were satisfied with the treatment and felt that the implant restorations had improved their quality of life. The inability to clean the implant prostheses and presence of peri-implantitis were the primary complaints. The study suggested that implant restorations can improve oral health–related quality of life. Implant restorations should therefore be considered as part of improving and maintaining general health, especially in elderly populations. –   Sompop Bencharit, DDS, MS, PhD, FACP Written by     George   A.   Kotsakis   DDS, MS Implant outcomes research has traditionally focused on clinically assessed disease-oriented measures. However, in most cases these physical measures are not readily perceived by patients. Therefore, patient‑reported outcome measures (PROMs)...

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This age- and gender-matched longitudinal case–control study included 30 matched pairs each consisting of one individual who practiced regular compliance with periodontal maintenance therapy and one individual who did not. Each participant had clinical periodontal parameters and plasma samples collected at T1 (prior to active periodontal therapy, T2 (after active therapy), and T3 (after 6 years). Those who practiced regular compliance maintained significantly better clinical periodontal status, had significantly lower recurrence of periodontitis, and significantly lower C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations over time compared with those whose compliance was irregular. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the altered CRP levels (values  3 mg/L) were 2.19 times higher among individuals with periodontitis recurrence than among those without recurrence (P  =  .017). At T3, CRP levels among participants who complied with therapy o...

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This study examined the prevalence and clinical implications of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study cohort consisted of 119 healthy controls and 117 patients with MS. Most of the MS patients had relapsing–remitting MS with low EDSS scores (average, 1.5). The prevalence of RLS was 23.9% compared with 3.4% in controls (P < .001). There were no significant differences in daily fatigue between controls and MS patients with RLS. However, MS patients with RLS had higher EDSS scores, more infratentorial and spinal cord lesions, worse sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness compared with MS patients without RLS. Factors associated with the development of RLS were higher EDSS score (OR, 1.69; P = .013) and infratentorial or spinal cord lesions (OR, 6.94; P = .005). Fatigue can be a debilitating condition in patients with MS. Providers should be aware of the high prevalence of RLS in patients with MS and treat a...

  Monolithic zirconia is a restorative material with increasing popularity due to its excellent mechanical, optical, and biological properties and compatibility with CAD/CAM technology. However, a common concern remains regarding zirconia’s abrasiveness against antagonist teeth. In my opinion, a well-polished zirconia crown delivered in harmonious occlusion does not result in significantly more tooth wear than does enamel. When using monolithic zirconia for my patients, I manage its wear properties by evaluating the following factors: Patient-specific risk factors Impression and mounting methods Instructions to dental laboratory Crown delivery methods Follow-up and maintenance Patient-specific factors It is important to recognize types of patients who will demonstrate more tooth wear in general. They include those with a low Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, lack of mutually protected occlusion, parafunctional habits, and a highly acidic oral environment from extrinsic acid, such a...

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This literature review evaluated medications and addictive substances that have the potential to induce or aggravate sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism and also those medications which potentially attenuate bruxism (sleep and/or awake).  Ultimately, there were three types of bruxism delineated: sleep bruxism, awake bruxism, and nonspecified bruxism; and, while associations were found, the authors concluded that evidence-based data are insufficient to make definite conclusions regarding medications and addictive substances inducing or aggravating bruxism or attenuating bruxism. Bruxism is a repetitive jaw‐muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. It can occur during sleep, indicated as sleep bruxism, or during wakefulness, indicated as awake bruxism. Exogenous risk indicators of sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism are, among others, medications and addictive substances, whereas als...

  TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This retrospective analysis of the utilization of CBCT for evaluation of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) included 12,670 CBCT scans, and found 142 COD cases. Roughly 50% of these COD cases were the florid type, while over 90% were in females who were in the fifth decade of life. Over 99% of all cases occurred in the mandible. Cortical bone resorption (78% of all cases) and root resorption (57% of all cases) were the most common sequelae associated with COD.  The authors concluded that, while the majority of COD lesions are benign and require no treatment, proper diagnosis and determination of lesion extension and adjacent structural involvement over a long period of time is usually needed. CBCT is the most effective tool for diagnosis, determination of disease extension, and monitoring of COD lesions. –   Sompop Bencharit, DDS, MS, PhD, FACP OBJECTIVES To describe the effects of cemento-osseous dysplasi...