Microbial Communities of Titanium vs Zirconia Abutments on Implant-Supported Restorations

 

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  • This prospective interventional longitudinal trial used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the taxonomic profile of biofilms found on single-unit implants using titanium or zirconia abutments compared with contralateral teeth as an internal control, and its correlation to clinical and radiological peri-implant conditions over a 3-year period. Microbiomes of both abutment substrates had high alpha diversity indices throughout the study period, irrespective of the time of sampling, with significant differences in species richness and diversity between substrates. The microbiomes of the two substrates were very different over time, differing about 30% after 3 years of loading. The similarity of microbiomes between abutments and contralateral teeth ranged from 45% to 50% after 3 years of loading. Periodontal pathogens associated with peri-implantitis were found with both substrates.

  • A more complete understanding of the microbial communities around implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments and potential shifts occurring over time is critical for improved biofilm control and reduction of peri-implant diseases. This study found that the type of abutment substrate significantly influenced diversity and clustering of communities after 3 years of loading, with large correlations between microbial findings and clinical outcomes.
–  Laurie C. Carter, DDS, PhD

BACKGROUND

Shifts in microbial communities are common over time, but they may disturb the host-microbiome homeostasis and result in inflammation of the peri-implant issues if a dysbiotic biofilm is established.

PURPOSE

Considering that different oral substrate surfaces may have a relevant impact on the microbial adhesion and colonization, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial communities of the biofilm formed on single-implant restorations using titanium or zirconia abutments and how they correlate with clinical parameters after 3-years of implant loading.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was used to characterize the oral biofilms of individuals (n = 20) who were sampled longitudinally during 3 years of masticatory loading. Bioinformatics analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate the microbial diversity and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

Microbiomes of both abutment materials presented high alpha-diversity indices during all the experimental period, irrespective of the time of sampling. Microbial communities of titanium and zirconia were quite different over time, differing about 30% after 3 years of functional loading. Similarity of microbiomes between tested abutments and contralateral teeth was also low, ranging between 45% and 50% after 3 years of investigation. Periodontal pathogens commonly associated with peri-implantitis were found in both groups. Furthermore, both abutment materials presented strong correlations of diversity indices and microbial taxa with clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

The type of abutment substrate significantly influenced diversity and clustering of communities during 3 years of functional loading. The time of sampling had no effect on the variables. Large correlations were found between microbial findings and clinical outcomes.

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